Fermilab’s Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment break new ground in many ways. Together, they make up the first international megascience experiment hosted by a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory. Using cutting-edge neutrino detection technology at a scale never before attempted, scientists will send a beam of neutrinos to a detector farther away than any previous experiment. And it represents the largest construction project to date that Fermilab will manage across multiple U.S. states, with infrastructure at Fermilab’s Illinois site and in space leased by Fermilab at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota.
To support Fermilab services provided for LBNF, DUNE and other DOE-funded experiments that will operate at Sanford Lab, Fermilab has established a new organizational unit there and hired South Dakota native Patrick Weber to lead it.
Weber, who will take on the role of head of Fermilab’s South Dakota Services Division on June 11, currently serves as policy advisor to South Dakota Governor Dennis Daugaard. As part of his broad portfolio within the governor’s office, Weber has worked with the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority that operates Sanford Lab.
“Two of the things I’ve loved best about being in the governor’s office are getting to confront a wide range of issues and being involved with SDSTA and DUNE,” Weber said. “Working for Fermilab, I look forward to addressing a different, but still wide, range of issues and focusing on a project that I’m genuinely passionate about.”
Weber has visited Sanford Lab, Fermilab and the CERN laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland, another key partner in LBNF/DUNE.
“The challenges of an international project of this scope are unprecedented in the United States, and I look forward to working with our global partners to support the DUNE experiment that will help us understand neutrinos and the nature of matter in the universe,” Weber said.
As head of Fermilab’s South Dakota Services Division, Weber will work to maintain a strong partnership with Sanford Lab while providing the scientists and engineers working in South Dakota on LBNF/DUNE with the same operational and support services they would enjoy at Fermilab’s main site in Illinois.
“Patrick’s experience in South Dakota government and education and his expertise in navigating challenging issues across a wide range of stakeholders will be a real asset to Fermilab and to LBNF/DUNE in the years ahead,” said Fermilab Deputy Director for LBNF Chris Mossey. “We are excited to have him joining the team, supporting Fermilab activities and the construction project in South Dakota, and strengthening our partnerships with SDSTA, SURF and the state of South Dakota.”
In addition to his work with SDSTA, Weber served as Governor Daugaard’s liaison to the South Dakota Department of Education, Corrections, Housing, and Labor and Regulation. Prior to his time in the governor’s office, Weber served for three years as a member of the South Dakota Board of Regents, which oversees all six of the state’s public universities, serving more than 36,000 students. Weber holds a law degree from the University of South Dakota School of Law and a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from South Dakota State University.
On May 12, a delegation from the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space and Technology visited the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, touring R&D facilities and discussing the laboratory’s flagship neutrino research program. The House Science Committee has jurisdiction over the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, which oversees Fermilab and other national laboratories.
The bipartisan delegation included five members of Congress: Energy Subcommittee Chairman Randy Weber (R-Texas), House Science Committee Vice Chairman Frank Lucas (R-Oklahoma), Representative Bill Foster (D-Illinois), Environment Subcommittee Chairman Andy Biggs (R-Arizona) and Representative Neal Dunn (R-Florida). Science Committee staff members also participated in the tour.
“This is cutting-edge science,” said U.S. Representative Neal Dunn. “The Department of Energy runs 17 of these cutting-edge scientific labs that actually propel our industry as well as our defense and, frankly, our universities. Whole industries have grown up around some of the basic science that has been discovered at these labs.”
The visit kicked off with presentation by Fermilab senior management on the international flagship Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and plans for the PIP-II particle accelerator project at the laboratory. Hosted by Fermilab, the LBNF/DUNE project introduces next-generation technology to the worldwide quest to unlock the mysteries of neutrinos, tiny particles that may give us a key to the origin of matter in the universe. More than 1,000 scientists from over 30 countries have come together to design and build the project, which will send an intense beam of neutrinos from Fermilab to gigantic particle detectors at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota.
“The technology that’s being developed here, the science that is being created here, is something that is not just going on in the United States; it’s going on around the world,” said Committee Vice Chair Frank Lucas. “If we don’t continue to spend the resources and make the investments to continue to develop the kind of facilities that we have, like the national laboratories, then we won’t be a part of the leading group. We will fall behind, and in a world where technology is an ever more important driving part of the economy, which is everyone’s livelihood, we don’t want to be a second-class nation. That’s why we make the investments. That’s why the Science Committee is here to see what’s going on with our investments, so that we can continue to be a first-rate nation with a first-rate economy, and that requires a first-rate scientific endeavor.”
The delegation then departed on an extensive tour of Fermilab’s world-class facilities, starting with those dedicated to developing and testing advanced superconducting radio-frequency technology for particle acceleration. The laboratory’s expertise in SRF technology is being leveraged for the LCLS-II X-ray laser project at the DOE’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in California, as well as the major PIP-II upgrade of the Fermilab accelerator complex, which will generate the powerful neutrino beams for LBNF/DUNE.
“We want to stay international leaders as far as science and technology, and this really sets a great foundation,” said Environment Subcommittee Chair Andy Biggs. “When the 17 labs work together, that allows us to build on that and be the number one innovative, scientific discovery country in the world. And that’s where we want to be, and that’s where we need to be, both for national security and for economics, but also for pure-science purposes.”
Next on the agenda was a stop at the new Quantum Laboratory. The visitors heard about Fermilab’s application of SRF technology to quantum computing, and the use of quantum technology for particle physics discovery.
“The technologies that are generated here can be used through known and unknown applications of the future,” said U.S. Representative Bill Foster, a former Fermilab scientist. “Superconducting RF obviously has lots of potential applications. Just the idea that you can have a much more efficient particle accelerator opens up a lot of possibilities.”
The representatives and their staff members then met Italian Nobel laureate Carlo Rubbia, who leads the ICARUS neutrino experiment at Fermilab. Together they congratulated the graduates of Fermilab’s Saturday Morning Physics program.
“We had about 100 students from the suburbs and Chicago Public Schools graduate from this session of Saturday Morning Physics,” said Fermilab Director Nigel Lockyer. “This is one of our most successful STEM outreach programs that has introduced high students to particle physics for over 35 years. The students were thrilled to meet Carlo and the members of Congress.”
A stop at the Muon g-2 experiment was followed by a tour of a cavern 350 feet underground that houses the MINERvA and NOvA neutrino experiments and the SENSEI detector, a prototype for a new technology to search for dark matter particles.
“Fermilab brings scientists from around the world to Illinois to do world-leading science in many areas, from neutrinos to muons to quantum research,” said U.S. Representative Randy Hultgren, whose district includes Fermilab but who was unable to attend the May 12 visit due to family obligations. “The lab is a crucial resource to Illinois’s people and economy and to the entire country. I look forward to even greater things to come now that the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and construction of the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility are under way at Fermilab and in South Dakota.”
The final stop on the tour showcased Fermilab’s involvement and leadership role at the CMS experiment at the European research center CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. Fermilab facilitates the participation by hundreds of scientists at institutions across the United States in the CMS experiment.
“This is my first trip to Fermilab; won’t be my last,” said Energy Subcommittee Chair Randy Weber. “We understand this accelerator research they are doing, the neutrino beam research they are doing, is unbelievable. So when we look at the kind of processes that they are developing, we want to be the world leader, it helps in so many directions that we are impressed. Very, very impressive.”
Congressman Randy Weber, chair of the Energy Subcommittee of the House Science Committee, congratulated about 100 Saturday Morning Physics students at their graduation ceremony when he and four other members of the House Science Committee visited Fermilab on May 12, 2018. From left: Fermilab Director Nigel Lockyer, Nobel laureate Carlo Rubbia, Congressman Bill Foster, D-Illinois, Congressman Randy Weber, R-Texas, Congressman Frank Lucas, R-Oklahoma; Congressman Andy Biggs, R-Arizona; Congressman Neal Dunn, R-Florida. Photo: Reidar Hahn
