Beam tests bring ProtoDUNE to life

Editor’s note: This is a version of an article that appeared in the University of Chicago news.

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is joining forces with the University of Chicago and Illinois’s two national laboratories, Argonne National Laboratory and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, to make the Chicago area a national leader in quantum technology—a rapidly emerging field with revolutionary potential and growing backing from government and industry.

The initiative is a major step in an expanded series of collaborations between UChicago and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, deepening their connections in the Discovery Partners Institute and the Illinois Innovation Network. The universities will be announcing a range of joint projects, including research partnerships in such areas as materials and computing, as well as civic engagement collaborations that will benefit Chicago’s South Side, the Urbana-Champaign community and the state. The civic engagement collaboration will focus on youth entrepreneurship, business diversity, K-12 education and urban labs research.

The quantum collaboration, bringing together the intellectual talent, research capabilities and engineering power of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the University of Chicago, Argonne and Fermilab, is based in the Hyde Park 53rd Street innovation district, which is anchored by the Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation. The University of Chicago provides management oversight for Argonne and Fermilab. The combined resources of the four institutions create a powerful hub of more than 100 scientists and engineers—among the world’s largest collaborative teams for quantum research.

A number of breakthroughs in recent years have taken quantum from science fiction to real-world applications, touching off a global race to develop technologies that could dramatically improve computing, communications, cybersecurity and sensing. Possible applications range from unraveling the structure of single molecules to speeding up searches for new pharmaceuticals to improving earthquake monitoring to protecting military and financial information.

The federal government is increasingly interested in quantum technologies. Legislation that unanimously passed the U.S. House of Representatives in September would launch a National Quantum Initiative, committing $1.275 billion to quantum research over the next decade. Also in September the White House held a summit on quantum science with research and industry leaders.

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is joining as a core member of the Chicago Quantum Exchange, which was launched last year by the University of Chicago, Argonne and Fermilab to promote quantum research. The new alliance already has multiple projects under way, including one of the world’s longest quantum communication links to test technology that one day could be the basis for an unhackable network. It will stretch 30 miles between Argonne in Lemont and Fermilab in Batavia.

The effort uniquely positions the Chicago area to attract industry partnerships and government funding while making it a leader in training the new quantum workforce. On Nov. 8-9, government officials, university researchers and industry leaders — including senior researchers from Google, IBM and Microsoft — will gather in Chicago for a two-day summit on quantum science and technology.

“Harnessing the laws of quantum mechanics holds great promise for a wide range of technologies. The Chicago Quantum Exchange brings research universities and national laboratories together in an innovative way, making Chicago a unique and powerful hub for the development of critical new technologies,” said Robert J. Zimmer, president of the University of Chicago.

“This partnership is another outstanding example of the unparalleled intellectual and academic capacity of our universities and research enterprises distributed throughout our state,” said Timothy L. Killeen, president of the University of Illinois System. “It exemplifies the vision for the Illinois Innovation Network: to foster partnerships and bring expertise and resources together in ways that translate directly into groundbreaking discovery and innovation and economic impact and development for the entire state and region.”

The collaboration between UChicago and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is based in the new 53rd Street innovation facility developed by Wexford Science and Technology, where the Polsky Center supports venture creation at the university and with community entrepreneurs. The universities’ developing research and public engagement efforts will leverage their research and programmatic strengths in diverse areas, ranging from improving educational outcomes to supporting entrepreneurs and small businesses.

On Oct. 29, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign announced a new investment of $15 million to establish the Illinois Quantum Information Science and Technology Center (IQUIST) at the Urbana-Champaign campus, adding dramatic capacity to the quantum collaboration.

“For nearly two decades, our four institutions have been at the intellectual epicenter of this field of quantum information science and technology that is being born at the intersection of physics, computing, engineering and materials,” said Robert J. Jones, chancellor of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. “The Chicago Quantum Exchange will accelerate the arrival of a new era of innovation and discovery, and it will anchor the quantum revolution right here in Chicago and in the state of Illinois.”

The Chicago Quantum Exchange’s capabilities span the range of quantum information — from basic solid-state experimental and theoretical physics, to device design and fabrication, to algorithm and software development. The four members each bring unique capabilities, talents and resources to the partnership.

UChicago’s Institute for Molecular Engineering boasts one of the nation’s leading programs in quantum engineering, and faculty across IME and the Physical Sciences Division at UChicago hold deep expertise in quantum physics, computing, communications and sensing. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is one of the few institutions in the nation with large, top-ranked research programs and world-class faculty in all of the disciplinary areas central to quantum information sciences. UIUC faculty have been pioneers in laying the foundations for this field — from the theory of superconductivity to the development of nanoscale quantum devices such as the first visible semiconductor lasers.

Argonne’s quantum research includes discoveries of new materials and devices for solid-state qubits — the quantum computer version of a bit. The national lab has expansive experimental and computational infrastructure. Fermilab scientists, together with academic and tech industry partners, are applying their world-leading expertise in superconducting accelerator technology to applications that include using quantum sensors for scientific discovery and developing quantum algorithms and simulations for higher-energy physics problems.

“Our abilities to create and control quantum states of matter at the level of single atoms, electrons and photons is leading to fundamentally new technologies for computation, communication and sensing. Bringing the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign’s world-class science and engineering faculty to the Chicago Quantum Exchange creates one of the largest quantum research efforts in the country and will dramatically accelerate scientific developments that can lead toward high-impact applications,” said David Awschalom, director of the Chicago Quantum Exchange, UChicago’s Liew Family Professor in Molecular Engineering and an Argonne senior scientist.

The University of Chicago manages Argonne for the U.S. Department of Energy through UChicago Argonne, LLC. The university manages Fermilab together with the Universities Research Association, Inc. through the Fermi Research Alliance.

“Chicago is known for making no small plans, which is evident in this collaboration that will create one of the world’s largest and most cutting-edge teams for quantum research,” said Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel. “This powerful hub places our city and its surrounding region at the forefront of this emerging field and its huge potential for technological breakthroughs, and I look forward to seeing what our scientists and engineers are able to unlock for the future of quantum technology.”

How long have you worked at Fermilab?

I started in accelerator systems and operations in 2014. In April 2018 I began working as an engineering physicist.

What do you do here?

I work with superconducting magnets. We make them supercold so we can pass current through them with little to no resistance, allowing us to make them even more powerful. I am one of the people who gets to coordinate some of this process.

I’m currently the floor supervisor of the technicians who make superconducting magnets for the High-Luminosity Accelerator Upgrade Program. CERN is trying to increase the magnetic field on the beam such that the luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider is greater for particle-to-particle collisions, so that we get a much larger response inside the detectors. The magnets guide where the particles go. It’s kind of like how in a waterslide, the walls guide you in a given direction. That’s what the magnets are doing.

What does a typical day look like for you?

Today I just finished making small samples of our magnets so that I can later test the electrical strength of the insulators that keep all the magnet turns separate from each other. Most days I find myself performing a series of tests on magnet coils soon to be used at CERN to gain an early idea of their performance before they become supercold.

You were a summer intern here in 2009. What advice do you have for Fermilab interns?

Learn all you can, and experience all you can manage to experience outside of the work. Your summer internship is both a chance to develop a professional portfolio and also experience some of the culture around where you work. I think working to take it all in makes for a much more eventful and satisfying summer. One of the things that made my summer internship at Fermilab such an exciting experience were things like the Undergraduate Lecture Series, attending some of the concerts that took place in the Ramsey Auditorium after hours, and overall just participating

What do you do with the National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE) and the Fermilab African-American/Black Association?

The NSBE is an organization that aims to increase the amount of Black representation of engineers. We’re starting to get involved with Fermilab now. Last October we had a conference where we got to talk to middle school and high school students about superconducting magnets and superconducting radio frequencies. It was nice to talk to these kids, show them how Fermilab can be and show them that we make really cool, high-powered devices that extend the boundaries of science on an everyday basis.

How do you approach the challenge of explaining these concepts?

Metaphors are the best way to do it. It’s like the waterslide. At the end of the day we’re all looking for some level of familiarity with whatever it is we’re talking about. Very often, things in quantum physics resemble everyday pieces of life. All we’re doing is putting some big words and math behind it. I just try to look for something that an everyday person can relate to and express it in that manner.

When you were younger, at what point did you get turned on to physics?

I think one of my earliest triggers for an appreciation in science happened on an airplane with my mom, who eloquently explained some of the cool inner workings of the flaps and why planes stay in the sky. She used a metaphor to explain it! For instance, the flaps she described were like a parachute behind the plane that slows it down. I found all this to be seemingly impossible giving how massive most commercial planes seem to be. Add a dash of Bill Nye, Popular Mechanics for Kids, The Magic School Bus, some K’Nex … and voila! You have an engineering physicist.

What’s something unique about you?

I find myself doing a lot of different hobbies. One minute I might decide to paint for hours, and later that same day may decide to go rock climbing. I also DJ on the side. I like house music and electronic dance music [EDM], and I like to mix hip-hop or old-school 90s bands into EDM. I try to be versatile with all of it.